Overview
Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy (about 67% Ni – 23% Cu) that is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions. Alloy 400 is a solid solution alloy that can only be hardened by cold working. This nickel alloy exhibits characteristics like good corrosion resistance, good weldability and high strength. A low corrosion rate in rapidly flowing brackish or seawater combined with excellent resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in most freshwaters, and its resistance to a variety of corrosive conditions led to its wide use in marine applications and other non-oxidizing chloride solutions.
Monel 400 has great mechanical properties at subzero temperatures, can be used in temperatures up to 1000° F, and its melting point is 2370-2460° F. However, alloy 400 is low in strength in the annealed condition so, a variety of tempers may be used to increase the strength.
Specification
ASTM B366/B366M Standard Specification for Factory-Made Wrought Nickel and Nickel Alloy Fittings.
Chemical Composition
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | S | Cu | Fe | Ni | Cr |
| Monel 400 | 0.30 max | 2.00 max | 0.50 max | 0.24max | 28.0-34.0 | 2.50 max | 63.00 min | – |
Mechanical Properties
| Element | Density | Melting Point | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) | Elongation |
| Monel 400 | 8.8 g/cm3 | 1350 °C (2460 °F) | Psi – 80,000 MPa – 550 | Psi – 35,000 MPa – 240 | 40 % |
Physical Properties
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.8 gm/cm3 | 0.318 lb/in3 |
Applications
- 1. Marine engineering.
- 2. Chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment.
- 3. Gasoline and freshwater tanks.
- 4. Crude petroleum stills.
- 5. De-aerating heaters.
- 6. Boiler feed water heaters and other heat exchangers.
- 7. Valves, pumps, shafts, fittings, and fasteners.
- 8. Industrial heat exchangers.
- 9. Chlorinated solvents.
- 10. Crude oil distillation towers.
